Author: hayleybnf

Author: Hannah Skillin

Recently, I’ve had a couple of people ask me “how many times should I work out during the week?” It’s a really good question! In answering that question, I will address the problems both of not working out enough and also working out too much. Both of these are problems. On both ends of the spectrum, you won’t see the results that you want, and on the other end you can burn yourself out and even cause injury!

This graph represents progressive overload, which is how we talk about the adaptation of your body to exercise. When you go through a tough workout, you’re essentially damaging the tissues in your body. That effect is shown in the graph by the downward sloping lines. The muscle tissues in this phase get broken down and experience many many microtraumas. Don’t get nervous about that, though! Those microtraumas are actually a positive thing if you can leverage them properly.

In order to leverage your training, your body needs rest and fuel (aka food) to recover from tough workouts and to rebuild those damaged tissues. Ideally, when you get a tough workout, your muscles are broken down a bit and your ability to perform (lift heavy, run a long distance, etc.) will decrease. With proper sleep, nutrition, and active recovery, your body will repair itself and build itself up stronger! You can see this effect on the graph in the little swell of the line above the starting point. Ideally, this is when you work out again–when you’re at peak performance. Then you’ll damage the tissues again by training hard. Then rest, recover, repeat.

If you push yourself again too soon after working out, you’ll catch your body at the base of the slope again before your body has had a chance to adapt to the stimulus of working out. That effect is represented by the wavy line that trends continually downward on the graph. That’s a dangerous place to be, and it can lead to over-training and injury. If you suspect you might be working out too hard, check your heart rate right when you wake up in the morning, and if it’s elevated, you might need to ease up for a bit and get some extra rest.

On the other end of the spectrum is not working out enough. If you wait too long between workouts, you’ll level out at the place where you started and miss the window of adaptation that was described earlier. This is an equally bad place to be, because the whole point of working out is to get better, stronger, faster, leaner–whatever your goals are. If you’re constantly maintaining status quo, you’ll never improve.

Ideally, you catch the sweet spot where you continually improve! If you’re not seeing results from your workouts, check your schedule. Are you giving yourself enough time between workouts, or do you feel run down every time you go into the gym? Or are you taking three or four days or even a week between workouts on a regular basis? Does the same weight always feel heavy to you? A good rule of thumb is to wait two days before training the same muscle groups, which is why the Monday Wednesday Friday training schedule is so popular, especially for full body workouts. For the average person, it takes around 36-48 hours for your body to recover. If you want to work out on the off day, try some light, steady state cardio for 20 minutes or so. Or give yourself some TLC with a mobility and stretching session, like yoga. Hopefully, this helps you to reevaluate your workout schedule so that you can get the most out of your time in the gym and accomplish all your goals!

 

Getting in shape can be a big task.

I’ve done it myself (several times now) and have helped many a stranger turned great friend also get a handle on this whole getting healthy deal. There’s a lot of moving parts and components to consider. To do it well, and to achieve sustainable and maintainable results, is to realize and understand that it requires a multi faceted, nuanced approach. And everyone’s individual approach to greatness or just a little bit better is going to look a little(or very) different.

First and foremost, its important to understand that its more than just diet and exercise. Yes, these two things matter – but they only cover two variables. Other lifestyle factors really need to be taken into consideration in order for the whole diet and exercise thing to even work.

Recently, in a talk I gave to the training members of Boston North Fitness, I went over some of the essentials.  The talk was titled ‘The Big Rocks of Nutrition’ and in it I described the factors that I believe are the most important to consider when it comes to changing body composition and to leading a healthier, sustainable lifestyles.

What does BIG ROCKS mean?

This is a term that is commonly thrown around as a way of talking about bang for your buck essentials – paying attention to the big picture things in your diet or general lifestyle that will make a big difference over sweating the small stuff. If you don’t have the BIG ROCKS down, the little stuff doesn’t matter because they won’t add up.

SLEEP

You’re useless without it. Simply put, your body needs that time while asleep to recover from whatever hell you put it through the day before(whether that being physical or mental stress). The implications of not having this basic factor down are huge and problematic.

Why does sleep matter? 

• Regular sleep cycles are crucial to tissue repair, recovery and balancing hormones.
• Recovery and repair is where we get stronger.
• Too much stress as a result of poor recovery habits can lead to heightened levels of cortisol, which is linked to retention of fat around our organs(the dangerous kind)
• Not enough sleep, poor recovery and heightened stress have an impact on hormones like grehlin and leptin – the hormones that signal and regulate hunger. This, plus the fact that lack of sleep leads to more brain fog and poorer decision making means a higher likelihood of over eating and or picking up bad, unhealthy, compensatory habits.

What can you do? Look at your turn down routine. Start to get into bed earlier. Turn off electronics an hour before bed time, and resist the urge to fall asleep to the tune of the TV. Make sure you are not drinking caffeinated beverages too late in the day. Alcoholic beverages will make you sleepy, but will not lead to an overall better nights sleep(you will likely wake up, dehydrated, once your blood sugar crashes).

Take out the distractions that are holding you back. If you are finding that you are spending an extra hour each night playing candy crush on your phone as you lay in bed waiting to fall asleep, you may have discovered your problem.  And if you can’t fall asleep because you are having some kind of a health issue, or because of hormonal changes during menopause  – don’t ignore it. Be proactive, talk to your doctor, find some solutions! This stuff is important.

Preparedness, Ritual & Routine

So if you slept well the night before, good chance you’re going to have a better shot of being proactive in your daily life, instead of being reactive. Part of your turn down routine may be to set out your clothes for your workout in the morning. Maybe you had enough energy this afternoon to do some food prep so you have your breakfasts and lunches all squared away days in advance.

Your ritual or routine is how you ensure that you consistently hit your BIG ROCKS of nutrition and lifestyle change.

What are some ritual & routine actions taken that ensure that we’re able to accomplish all the good habits?

• having the right foods at the ready with a routine food shopping schedule
• a weekly, biweekly, or daily meal or ingredient preparation routine
• meal timing – do you eat consistent meals at consistent times? What prevents you from doing that? Is there a way that you can change your schedule to allow for more routine or consistency?
• morning routine? Night time routine? Do you have a  similar formula that you follow that allows you to feel successful, put together, and not rushed?
• going to bed at the same time each night and waking up at the same time each morning
• consistent workouts at regularly scheduled times if and where possible

Managing Stress

Ritual and routine goes hand in hand with managing stress. When there is a semblance of a plan in place, things are more likely to happen.  When things happen, and we meet a set of expectations of how we’d like our life and day to go, we tend to be less stressed and we experience more positive outcomes.

Why does this matter? Sleep, recovery and stress management all greatly impact how successful our fitness endeavors are at making us stronger and leaner. You also just straight up feel better, and are probably a more enjoyable person to be around. Everyone wins.

What are some stress management rituals that you can put in place?  Again, ritual, routine and a certain amount of daily predictability can be truly beneficial. Exercise, whether intense or just a simple walk around the block is known to be a great stress reliever. Spending time in nature, with animals and children and loved ones, doing things that you enjoy(even if only for short periods of time) and hobbies are all known stress relievers.

Bottom line – carving out a little bit of time for yourself to do something that you enjoy, that makes you happy typically does the trick. If you feel like you don’t have the time to do that, closely examine your rituals and routines to see if you can find and make that time for yourself.

Nutrition

Duh! Nutrition is huge. I was very close to putting it at the top of this list, but then realized that all of the other things before it need to be fine tuned in order for any kind of consistency or focus to happen with your nutrition.

Consistency is key. Its the most important thing. For one, its the only way to know if your nutrition plan is working. For whatever it is that you are hoping it is going to accomplish – be that fat loss, lean muscle gain, improved energy – whether you are trying an elimination diet, etc.

What are the BIG ROCKS of nutrition?

• The right stuff, the right amounts – are your meals balanced?
• 1 to 2 palms protein, 1 to 2 cupped handfuls of carbs, 1 to 2 thumbs of fat, 1 to 2 fists of veggies at every meal 3 to 4 times a day depending on goals.  (1 of everything for most women, 2 of everything for most men)
• Minimally processed, whole foods at every meal
  • Perimeter shopping at the supermarket
  • Foods that are perishable, that will go bad quickly
  • Minimal ingredients lists, the less the better
  • Minimal added sugar and sodium content

How you eat matters 

• eat slowly it takes your brain 20 minutes to catch up with whether or not you are full. Chew slowly, chew more, put down fork between bites, eat without distraction,  drink water in between bites, enjoy your food.
• eat off of smaller dishes, be aware of your portions.
• stop at 80% full, be mindful of when, where and why you eat beyond the point fullness. What are the contributing factors? (stress, distractions, where you are eating, who you are with, what and how you ate prior to that meal, etc.
• Pay attention –  what works for some likely won’t work for all, and what works for you may work for no one else at all!
• Journal your food – keep track of what you are doing, what’s working and note what is not. You don’t have to do it for ever and always, but even just a short amount of time with this kind of feedback can be beneficial.
• Focus on big picture, don’t get lost in the small details.

Exercise & Movement 

Funny how this one ends up at the bottom? Well see, they all aid and promote adherence to one another. Each of these categories kind of blends into the other and it all becomes a bit of a chicken or the egg thing. Exercise on a regular basis will help you sleep at night. Being well rested will make it easier to prepare and organize your life and day. Exercise can help with stress management.  Being less stressed means you’ll hopefully eat better – more for nourishment than for fun or relief.  Eating to compliment your workouts will make your workouts feel easier and your goals more attainable – helping you to stay on track and to stick with your ritual.

Movement is important – not just purposeful exercise like the kind we do in the gym, but how many steps you take per day, relaxing and stress relieving type movement like walks outside, general activity throughout the day.

 

To wrap it all up – remember that when you are feeling motivated to make changes in your life, your first most crucial step is to take a moment to engage in a little self reflection. Take a look at how or whether your daily life is set up for rituals and routines to ensure that you can make these kinds of changes to your lifestyle in a meaningful and sustainable way. Start with a few small, realistic habits to give yourself the time and space to make these things happen.

And don’t forget – you got this! Being proactive is always the best course of action and leads to a snowball of energizing and positive lifestyle changes.  Get after it my friends!

I got my first gym membership when I was 19 years old. It was my first year of college and the pounds were slowly creeping on, as was an alarming sense of dread that appeared every time I had to climb the 5 stories worth of stairs to my freshman Intro to Oil Painting class.  For the first time in my life, an unusual feeling had come over me. A voice inside my head was telling me to work out. There’s a lot of ways in which I am an unusual candidate for being a personal trainer, let alone a fitness director.  First and foremost being that I did not play sports as a kid nor had a seeming athletic bone in my body until I was in the latter half of my twenties. But also the fact that I hadn’t even walked into a traditional gym prior to age of 19.

But age 19 proved to be the year that I WOULD step into a traditional gym.  Between January 05 and May 05 I had lost nearly 25lbs and was feeling pretty good about myself. It was just me, my headphones, and an elliptical. And like, 6 or 7 hours of dedication to that each and every week. No big deal. I would continue to lose another 10lbs over the course of another 6 months. I was indeed svelte.

Fast forward 13 years later and I am now a fitness professional, and in these past 4 or so years have learned a lot about what works and what doesn’t.  But, with nearly a decade of fitness mistakes under my belt, I’ve basically tried every thing under the sun both nutritionally and fitness related to try and improve, change or alter my body.  I am often asked the question about whether or not I think it makes more sense to do cardio over strength training to achieve fat loss.  And through both research, and personal experience, I have an answer for that very question.

 

Cardio will definitely have you burning more calories in an hour than an hour dedicated to strict strength training. If you train with us at BNF and you are connected to a MyZone, or any heart rate or intensity tracker than determines an approximation of calories burned, then you know this to be true. Cardio wins the calories burned game all day long.  However, cardio does not provide the same lasting change as strength training, and in many ways can create some serious metabolic issues if relied on too heavily as your only means of weight loss and maintenance. Now, lets go back to my story…

I would fight for the remainder of my college years to maintain this weight loss. Spending hours in the various gyms spread across campus, sometimes pulling two a day cardio workouts. I found over time that I had to eat less and less to maintain my weight, in addition to having to do more and more cardio. Without going into too much detail, lets suffice it to say I had gotten myself into a very bad situation for my health, and my mindset. Senior year of college hit, and due to one too many stresses on top of another, I ballooned right back up and had gained about 30 pounds. This wasn’t due to crazy binges, and in fact I had significantly improved my nutrition by becoming a vegan. My body was just done. It wanted to reset, no matter how hard I pushed back.

Over the course of the rest of my twenties I would rally a weight loss and regain, back and forth over and over. And it wasn’t until I decided to play a sport, and become a certified personal trainer, that I would really learn the answer to the important question posed above. Whats better for fat loss and weight maintenance, strength training or cardio?

First lets answer one question – What causes fat loss?  Fat loss is more or less determined by a caloric deficit created through a calories in/calories out equation. But, thats not the whole story. I instead like to think of calories as our energy currency – the fuel that keeps the machine working and chugging along.   You need a certain amount of calories in so that you can keep the machine working optimally. Fat loss happens as a result of all other systems firing properly, and then you factor in the caloric deficit, best done with a combination of diet and exercise.

I like to recommend shooting for a total(through both exercise and diet) caloric deficit that is equal to no more than 20 – 25% of your daily needs. Lets say you need 2400 calories a day just to maintain. Drop 200-300 calories from your daily diet, add in a workout that burns about 300 – 400 calories, and you could easily lose 1 to 1.5lbs a week. That’s safe, sustainable fat loss. Days where you don’t workout – feel free to eat less. Days that you strength train, you’ll need to eat more to get the results you are looking for.  Remember – if you start off by immediately taking away 40 to 50% of your needs, you leave yourself very little wiggle room when you plateau. There’s only so much food you can take away, and only so much more time you can spend trying to burn more calories each day.

 Next, lets look at what exactly happens when you engage in strength training. If it doesn’t burn as many calories, then why is this better for fat loss?

• Muscle works harder at rest. Just existing with more muscle on your frame will have you burning more calories at rest as its a more metabolically active tissue.  At rest, your body needs and burns energy to maintain itself. A pound of muscle may burn as many as 7 to 10 calories at rest where as a pound of fat will only burn 2 to 3 calories at rest. Therefore, working on building and maintaining lean mass will overall improve your metabolism.
• Strength training improves insulin sensitivity.  When we take in carbohydrate, our body turns it into glucose for either immediate use or for storage for later use.  The presence of glucose in our blood stream signals for the release of insulin, which will move the glucose towards storage in our muscle or in the liver (glycogen stores) for current or later use. If there is too much for either immediate use or for muscle or liver storage, it will be stored as adipose tissue(fat).  Muscle contractions signal insulin to move glucose into our skeletal muscle, improving our overall sensitivity to insulin. This allows us to build more lean tissue, helping us improve overall body composition.
• You will continue to burn more calories after a strength training workout than after a cardio workout. As soon as you are done with your cardio session, you are basically done burning that higher number of calories. After a session with weights your metabolism can stay revved for up to a full day or longer, meaning more overall calories burned and a higher metabolic rate.
• Strength training provides a lot of variety.  We all know how easy it is to get bored with doing the same cardio workout. With that variety also comes more progression. Strength training can almost always be varied and progressed to get different out comes and to push the envelope so to speak, equalling continued results. At a certain point, the only thing you can do to your cardio workout to get more out of it is to go for longer or to up the intensity. There’s really only so far that you can push those variables before you either get hurt or just get burnt out.

So what should I DO?!

I would never suggest to only strength train and never do any cardio – its not balanced, and I totally understand that some people just really enjoy the feeling of a sweaty cardio session(myself included). Cardio is good for mental stress relief, feels good, is great for improving work capacity and cardiovascular health, and is an important part of a well rounded fitness regiment.

That being said, the importance of strength training should not be overlooked and should be given priority in your programming. That is, if you are looking for fat loss, weight maintenance, aesthetically pleasing results, and improved strength among other things. My suggestion is for 2 to 4 days of strength supplemented by 2 to 3 short and effective cardio workouts. As always, it depends on your goals, it depends on what you have for time and what the rest of your life looks like. But the plan that is sustainable, and that allows for consistent strength training with consistent progression, is probably the one where you are going to have the most long term success.